BACKGROUND: Sex differences are present in many neuropsychiatric conditions that affect
emotion and approach-avoidance behavior. One potential mechanism underlying such
observations is testosterone in early development. Although much is known about the effects
of testosterone in adolescence and adulthood, little is known in humans about how
testosterone in fetal development influences later neural sensitivity to valenced facial cues
and approach-avoidance behavioral tendencies. METHODS: With functional magnetic�…