Grimace scales have been used for pain assessment in different species. This study aimed
to develop and validate the Feline Grimace Scale (FGS) to detect naturally-occurring acute …

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess whether the RGS and 2 additional behavioral
tools (composite behavior score [CBS] and burrowing) could identify pain in an acute and …

Rodent grimace scales facilitate assessment of ongoing pain. Reported rater training using
these scales varies considerably and may contribute to the observed variability in interrater …

General anesthesia causes hypothermia by impairing normal thermoregulatory mechanisms.
When using inhalational anesthetic agents, Redistribution of warm blood from the core to …

There is a growing interest in the use of voluntarily displayed ongoing behaviours in
laboratory animals to assess the pain experience. In rats, two behavioural pain scales, the Rat …

Intraperitoneal (IP) injection of sodium pentobarbital (PB) is an accepted method of euthanasia
for mice. However, this method has important drawbacks, including the potential for pain …

Epimutations in the germline, such as methylation of the MLH1 gene, may contribute to
hereditary cancer syndrome in human, but their transmission to offspring has never been …

General anesthesia is a common procedure in laboratory rats; however, it impairs
thermoregulation, rapidly leading to hypothermia as warm core blood is distributed to the cooler …

In recent years, universities in Ontario have intensified their anti-racism efforts in response
to calls for greater accountability in creating safer and more inclusive campus environments. …

Accurate pain assessment methods are necessary to ensure animal welfare and reliable data
collection in animal research. The Rat Grimace Scale (RGS), a facial expression pain scale…