Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a genetically complex and heterogeneous disorder. To date
four genes have been established to either cause early-onset autosomal-dominant AD (APP, …

The pancreatic islet is highly vascularised, with an extensive capillary network. In addition to
providing nutrients and oxygen to islet endocrine cells and transporting hormones to the …

The adipose-derived hormone leptin maintains energy balance in part through central nervous
system-mediated increases in sympathetic outflow that enhance fat burning. Triggering of …

Circulating pancreatic glucagon is increased during fasting and maintains glucose balance
by stimulating hepatic gluconeogenesis. Glucagon triggering of the cAMP pathway …

Under feeding conditions, the incretin hormone GLP-1 promotes pancreatic islet viability by
triggering the cAMP pathway in beta cells. Increases in PKA activity stimulate the …

Under fasting conditions, increases in circulating concentrations of glucagon maintain
glucose homeostasis via the induction of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Triggering of the cAMP …

Islet endothelial cells produce paracrine factors that support β-cell function and growth.
Endothelial dysfunction underlies diabetic microvascular complications; thus, we hypothesized …

Islet endothelial cells produce paracrine factors important for islet beta-cell function and
survival. Under conditions of type 2 diabetes, islet endothelial cells exhibit a dysfunctional …

Objective Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by autoimmune-associated β-cell loss, insulin
insufficiency, and hyperglycemia. Although TNFα signaling is associated with β-cell loss …

Metabolic resources in adults of holometabolous insects may derive either from larval or adult
feeding. In Drosophila melanogaster, reproduction and lifespan are differently affected by …