The adipose-derived hormone leptin communicates information about metabolic status to the
hypothalamic GnRH neuronal system. It is unclear whether leptin can act directly on GnRH …

Background Improving survival and extending the longevity of life for all populations requires
timely, robust evidence on local mortality levels and trends. The Global Burden of Disease …

The hormone leptin modulates a diverse range of biological functions, including energy
homeostasis and reproduction. Leptin promotes GnRH function via an indirect action on …

Background Non-fatal outcomes of disease and injury increasingly detract from the ability of
the world's population to live in full health, a trend largely attributable to an epidemiological …

The recent discovery that an RFamide termed gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone is likely to
be a hypophysiotrophic gonadotropin release-inhibiting hormone in birds has generated …

Endogenous opioid peptides (EOP) mediate progesterone-negative feedback in many
species, but the specific EOP systems involved remain unresolved. We first addressed this …

An RFamide peptide named gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone, which directly inhibits
gonadotropin synthesis and secretion from the anterior pituitary gland, has recently been …

Background Healthy life expectancy (HALE) and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) provide
summary measures of health across geographies and time that can inform assessments …

Background In transitioning from the Millennium Development Goal to the Sustainable
Development Goal era, it is imperative to comprehensively assess progress toward reducing …

Hypothalamic RFamide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3) neurons inhibit LH secretion via a central
action. A direct hypophysiotropic action on the gonadotropes has also been suggested. To …