Recent crystallographic studies have provided significant new insight into how receptor
tyrosine kinases from the EGF receptor or ErbB family are regulated by their growth factor�…

Dramatic improvement of our understanding of the genetic basis of vision was brought by
the molecular characterization of the bovine rhodopsin gene and the human rhodopsin and�…

This article reviews current understanding of primordial black holes (PBHs), with particular
focus on those massive examples ($\gtrsim $$10^{15}~{\rm g} $) which remain at the�…

So far, two genes associated with familial melanoma have been identified, accounting for a
minority of genetic risk in families. Mutations in CDKN2A account for approximately 40% of�…

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) regulates cell proliferation and differentiation by binding to
the EGF receptor (EGFR) extracellular region, comprising domains I–IV, with the resultant�…

The realization of molecule-based miniature devices with advanced functions requires the
development of new and efficient approaches for combining molecular building blocks into�…

Endocytic proteins such as epsin, AP180, and Hip1R (Sla2p) share a conserved modular
region termed the epsin NH2-terminal homology (ENTH) domain, which plays a crucial role�…

In bacteria, the binding of a single protein, the initiation factor σ, to a multi-subunit RNA
polymerase core enzyme results in the formation of a holoenzyme, the active form of RNA�…

An Escherichia coli isoleucine transfer RNA specific for the codon AUA (tRNA2Ile or
tRNAminorIle (ref. 1) has a novel modified nucleo-side, lysidine (L; ref. 2)(Fig. la) in the first�…

DEAD-box RNA helicases, which regulate various processes involving RNA, have two RecA-
like domains as a catalytic core to alter higher-order RNA structures. We determined the 2.2�…