Although drug craving has received considerable research attention over the past several
decades, to date there has been no systematic review of the general clinical significance of�…

Pluripotency is defined as the capacity of individual cells to initiate all lineages of the mature
organism in response to signals from the embryo or cell culture environment. A pluripotent�…

Abstract The Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) investigation of the Mars Science Laboratory
(MSL) addresses the chemical and isotopic composition of the atmosphere and volatiles�…

In the three decades since pluripotent mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells were first described,
they have been derived and maintained by using various empirical combinations of feeder�…

Self-renewal of rodent embryonic stem cells is enhanced by partial inhibition of glycogen
synthase kinase-3 (Gsk3; refs,). This effect has variously been attributed to stimulation of Wnt�…

Pluripotency is generated naturally during mammalian development through formation of the
epiblast, founder tissue of the embryo proper. Pluripotency can be recreated by somatic cell�…

Alkylphenols are widely used as plastic additives and surfactants. We report the
identification of an alkylphenol, nonylphenol, as an estrogenic substance released from�…

Calcareous algae, by any measure, comprise a specialized subject among the many
divisions of the earth sciences. Yet as a group, the algae have been ubiquitous throughout�…

Geochemical models for Mars predict carbonate formation during aqueous alteration.
Carbonate-bearing rocks had not previously been detected on Mars' surface, but Mars�…

Rocks dominated by the silicate minerals quartz and feldspar are abundant in Earth's upper
continental crust. Yet felsic rocks have not been widely identified on Mars, a planet that�…