Estrogen-like chemicals are unique compared to nonestrogenic xenobiotics, because in
addition to their chemical properties, the estrogenic property of these compounds allows�…

The mechanism of substrate loading in multisubunit RNA polymerase is crucial for
understanding the general principles of transcription yet remains hotly debated. Here we�…

Somatic mutations in the genes encoding components of the spliceosome occur frequently
in human neoplasms, including myeloid dysplasias and leukemias, and less often in solid�…

Synthesis of mRNA in eukaryotes involves the coordinated action of many enzymatic
processes, including initiation, elongation, splicing, and cleavage. Kinetic competition�…

Transcriptional pausing by RNA polymerase is an underlying event in the regulation of
transcript elongation, yet the physical changes in the transcribing complex that create the�…

The trigger loop (TL) is a polymorphous component of RNA polymerase (RNAP) that makes
direct substrate contacts and promotes nucleotide addition when folded into an α-helical�…

During transcription, RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) must select the correct nucleotide,
catalyze its addition to the growing RNA transcript, and move stepwise along the DNA until a�…

The activities of RNA polymerase and the spliceosome are responsible for the heterogeneity
in the abundance and isoform composition of mRNA in human cells. However, the dynamics�…

A strong transcriptional pause delays human RNA polymerase II three nt after the last
potentially paired base in HIV-1 TAR, the RNA structure that binds the transactivator protein�…

Genes are transcribed in a discontinuous pattern referred to as RNA bursting, but the
mechanisms regulating this process are unclear. Although many physiological signals�…