Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent, as they have the ability to differentiate into
the various cell types of a vertebrate embryo. Pluripotency is a property of the inner cell�…

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent cells directly derived from early stage embryos
that retain the ability to differentiate into all cell types. This unique feature is the basis of�…

Background Since 1973 we have performed extended thymectomy for myasthenia gravis
because of the presence of thymic tissue in the anterior mediastinal fatty tissue. Follow-up�…

Cell fate during development is defined by transcription factors that act as molecular
switches to activate or repress specific gene expression programmes. The POU transcription�…

Trophectoderm (TE), the first differentiated cell lineage of mammalian embryogenesis, forms
the placenta, a structure unique to mammalian development. The differentiation of TE is a�…

The pluripotency of embryonic stem (ES) cells is thought to be maintained by a few key
transcription factors, including Oct3/4 and Sox2. The function of Oct3/4 in ES cells has been�…

The propagation of embryonic stem (ES) cells in an undifferentiated pluripotent state is
dependent on leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) or related cytokines. These factors act through�…

Outside cells of the preimplantation mouse embryo form the trophectoderm (TE), a process
requiring the transcription factor Tead4. Here, we show that transcriptionally active Tead4�…

The cytokine leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) integrates signals into mouse embryonic stem
(ES) cells to maintain pluripotency. Although the Jak–Stat3 pathway is essential and�…

The jellyfish Aequorea victoria possesses in the margin of its umbrella a green fluorescent
protein (GFP, 27 kDa) that serves as the ultimate light emitter in the bioluminescence�…