Phenotypic variation is ubiquitous in biology and is often traceable to underlying genetic and
environmental variation. However, even genetically identical cells in identical environments�…

The production and degradation of RNA transcripts is inherently subject to biological noise
that arises from small gene copy numbers in individual cells. As a result, cellular RNA levels�…

This article introduces the finite state projection (FSP) method for use in the stochastic
analysis of chemically reacting systems. One can describe the chemical populations of such�…

Synthetic genetic programs are built from circuits that integrate sensors and implement
temporal control of gene expression,,,. Transcriptional circuits are layered by using�…

The cellular environment is abuzz with noise originating from the inherent random motion of
reacting molecules in the living cell. In this noisy environment, clonal cell populations show�…

Although much has been done to elucidate the biochemistry of signal transduction and gene
regulatory pathways, it remains difficult to understand or predict quantitative responses. We�…

Transcription is a stochastic process occurring mostly in episodic bursts. Although the local
chromatin environment is known to influence the bursting behavior on long timescales, the�…

Despite substantial experimental and computational efforts, mechanistic modeling remains
more predictive in engineering than in systems biology. The reason for this discrepancy is�…

Biochemical processes typically involve huge numbers of individual reversible steps, each
with its own dynamical rate constants. For example, kinetic proofreading processes rely�…

The dynamics of chemical reaction networks often takes place on widely differing time
scales—from the order of nanoseconds to the order of several days. This is particularly true�…