BACKGROUND How do the different cell types in our bodies maintain their distinctive and
characteristic sizes? Although much is known about the signaling networks that stimulate or�…

Metabolic reprogramming has been proposed to be a hallmark of cancer, yet a systematic
characterization of the metabolic pathways active in transformed cells is currently lacking�…

Biologists have long been concerned about what constrains variation in cell size, but
progress in this field has been slow and stymied by experimental limitations. Here we�…

Functional redundancies, generated by gene duplications, are highly widespread
throughout all known genomes. One consequence of these redundancies is a tremendous�…

A key question in molecular genetics is why severe mutations often do not result in a
detectably abnormal phenotype. This robustness was partially ascribed to redundant�…

DNA double-strand breaks are repaired by two main pathways: nonhomologous end joining
(NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). The choice between these pathways depends�…

A long-standing question in biology is whether there is an intrinsic mechanism for
coordinating growth and the cell cycle in metazoan cells. We examined cell size distributions�…

The human body is programmed with definite quantities, magnitudes, and proportions. At the
microscopic level, such definite sizes manifest in individual cells-different cell types are�…

Many crucial components of signal transduction, developmental, and metabolic pathways
have functionally redundant copies. Further, these redundancies show surprising�…

Biomolecular recognition of antigens and epitopes by antibodies is a fundamental event in
the initiation of immune response and plays a central role in a variety of biochemical�…