Type-2-cell-mediated immunity, rich in eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, CD4+ T helper 2
(Th2) cells, and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), protects the host from helminth�…

Asthma is a common disease that affects 300 million people worldwide. Given the large
number of eosinophils in the airways of people with mild asthma, and verified by data from�…

Asthma is a T lymphocyte–controlled disease of the airway wall caused by inflammation,
overproduction of mucus and airway wall remodeling leading to bronchial hyperreactivity�…

Barrier epithelial cells and airway dendritic cells (DCs) make up the first line of defense
against inhaled substances such as house dust mite (HDM) allergen and endotoxin�…

Tolerance is the usual outcome of inhalation of harmless antigen, yet T helper (Th) type 2
cell sensitization to inhaled allergens induced by dendritic cells (DCs) is common in atopic�…

It is unclear how Th2 immunity is induced in response to allergens like house dust mite
(HDM). Here, we show that HDM inhalation leads to the TLR4/MyD88-dependent�…

Extracellular ATP serves as a danger signal to alert the immune system of tissue damage by
acting on P2X or P2Y receptors. Here we show that allergen challenge causes acute�…

Alum (aluminum hydroxide) is the most widely used adjuvant in human vaccines, but the
mechanism of its adjuvanticity remains unknown. In vitro studies showed no stimulatory�…

These guidelines are a consensus work of a considerable number of members of the
immunology and flow cytometry community. They provide the theory and key practical�…

Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial for mounting allergic airway inflammation, but it is unclear
which subset of DCs performs this task. By using CD64 and MAR-1 staining, we reliably�…