Until recently, the airways were thought to be sterile unless infected; however, a shift
towards molecular methods for the quantification and sequencing of bacterial DNA has�…

Exiting from the largely sterile environment of the womb, the neonatal immune system is not
fully mature, and thus neonatal immune cells must simultaneously mount responses against�…

Host–microorganism interactions shape local cell functionality, immune responses, and can
influence disease development. Evidence indicates that the impact of host–microbe�…

Epidemiological data point toward a critical period in early life during which environmental
cues can set an individual on a trajectory toward respiratory health or disease,,,,,,,. The�…

Metabolites from intestinal microbiota are key determinants of host-microbe mutualism and,
consequently, the health or disease of the intestinal tract. However, whether such host�…

Dietary fiber protects against chronic inflammatory diseases by dampening immune
responses through short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Here we examined the effect of dietary�…

Increasingly the development of novel therapeutic strategies is taking into consideration the
contribution of the intestinal microbiota to health and disease. Dysbiosis of the microbial�…

Rationale: Changes in the pulmonary microbiota are associated with progressive respiratory
diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Whether there is a�…

Although largely deprived from exogenous stimuli in utero, the mucosal barriers of the
neonate after birth are bombarded by environmental, nutritional, and microbial exposures�…

Background Helminth parasites have been reported to have beneficial immunomodulatory
effects in patients with allergic and autoimmune conditions and detrimental consequences in�…