The RAS proteins control signalling pathways that are key regulators of several aspects of
normal cell growth and malignant transformation. They are aberrant in most human tumours�…

Protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt is a growth-factor-regulated serine/threonine kinase which
contains a pleckstrin homology domain. Binding of phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase products�…

Phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase (PI 3-kinase) provides cells with a survival signal that allows
them to withstand apoptotic stimuli. Many tumour cells display elevated levels of PI 3-kinase�…

Each of six peptides derived from the human epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor very
closely matches a part of the deduced sequence of the v-erb-B transforming protein of avian�…

Background Intratumor heterogeneity may foster tumor evolution and adaptation and hinder
personalized-medicine strategies that depend on results from single tumor-biopsy samples�…

Abstract The complete 1,210-amino acid sequence of the human epidermal growth factor
(EGF) receptor precursor, deduced from cDNA clones derived from placental and A431�…

Ras (p21 ras) interacts directly with the catalytic subunit of phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase
in a GTP-dependent manner through the Ras effector site. In vivo, dominant negative Ras�…

A complete understanding of how exposure to environmental substances promotes cancer
formation is lacking. More than 70 years ago, tumorigenesis was proposed to occur in a two�…

The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor is a tyrosine-specific protein kinase with
autophosphorylating activity1–4. A 300 amino acid-long region of the receptor's cytoplasmic�…

External signals that control the activity of proteins encoded by the ras proto-oncogenes
have not previously been characterized. It is now shown that stimulation of the antigen�…