Drug addiction represents a dramatic dysregulation of motivational circuits that is caused by
a combination of exaggerated incentive salience and habit formation, reward deficits and�…

Summary Since 1997 the US National Institute on Drug Abuse has advocated a brain
disease model of addiction (BDMA). We assess the strength of evidence for the BDMA in�…

Drug addiction involves long-term behavioral abnormalities that arise in response to
repeated exposure to drugs of abuse in vulnerable individuals. It is a multifactorial syndrome�…

The Personal View by Wayne Hall and colleagues1 questions the value of the brain disease
model of addiction (BDMA) and claims that it is not supported by animal or neuroimaging�…

Drug addiction, or as it is also called, drug dependence, is a serious health problem; in
addition to the huge direct health costs (psychiatric and physical), there are massive costs in�…

Drug addiction is a chronically relapsing disorder that has been characterized by (1)
compulsion to seek and take the drug,(2) loss of control in limiting intake, and (3) emergence�…

• Genetic and environmental influences modulating risk of substance use disorders change
developmentally and across the lifespan.• Genes involved in vulnerability to addictions�…

Addictions are serious and common psychiatric disorders, and are among the leading
contributors to preventable death. This selective review outlines and highlights the need for�…

Addiction, the most severe form of substance use disorder, is a chronic brain disorder
molded by strong biosocial factors that has devastating consequences to individuals and to�…

Aims To illustrate how modern neurobiological approaches will help to identify the
neurocircuits and genes involved in addictive behavior. Background The current disorder�…