Background: Observational studies have reported associations between maternal phthalate
levels and adverse outcomes at birth and in the health of the child. Effects on placental�…

Phthalates are ubiquitous compounds known to leach from the plastic products that contain
them. Due to their endocrine-disrupting properties, a wide range of studies have elucidated�…

Background Phthalates can alter steroidogenesis and peroxisome proliferator–activated
receptor gamma (PPARγ)–mediated transcription in rodent tissues. The placenta offers a�…

Although many phthalates are endocrine‐disrupting chemicals that are associated with
adverse birth outcomes, the relationship between maternal phthalate exposure and birth�…

Background: Animal studies indicate that some phthalate metabolites may harm female
reproductive function. Objectives: We assessed the associations between exposure to�…

Phthalates are developmental and reproductive toxicants for the fetus in pregnant rodents,
and the ability of phthalates to penetrate the placenta have been reported. The aims of this�…

Phthalates adversely affect the male reproductive system in animals. We investigated
whether phthalate monoester contamination of human breast milk had any influence on the�…

Importance Exposure to phthalates may affect fetal growth, but previous studies are
inconsistent and have not explored the trimester-specific effects of phthalates on repeated�…

BACKGROUND: Phthalates can disrupt endocrine function and induce reproductive and
developmental toxicity in laboratory animals. Few studies have evaluated exposure to�…

It has been speculated that maternal phthalate exposure may affect reproductive
development in human newborns. However, the mechanism awaits further investigation�…