Carlos Chagas discovered American trypanosomiasis, also named Chagas disease (CD) in
his honor, just over a century ago. He described the clinical aspects of the disease�…

More than 60% of human infectious diseases are caused by pathogens shared with wild or
domestic animals. Zoonotic disease organisms include those that are endemic in human�…

In this review article the history of leishmaniasis is discussed regarding the origin of the
genus Leishmania in the Mesozoic era and its subsequent geographical distribution, initial�…

Economic development leads to changing interactions between humans and their physical
and biological environment. Worldwide patterns of human settlement in urban areas have�…

Deforestation is a major cause of biodiversity loss with a negative impact on human health.
This study explores at global scale whether the loss and gain of forest cover and the rise of�…

Global atmospheric temperatures are presently in a warming phase that began 250--300
years ago. Speculations on the potential impact of continued warming on human health�…

In 2015, the UN adopted a new set of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to eradicate
poverty, establish socioeconomic inclusion and protect the environment. Critical voices such�…

Contemporary ecological models of health prominently feature the natural environment as
fundamental to the ecosystem services that support human life, health, and well-being. The�…

Vector-borne diseases are transmitted by haematophagous arthropods (for example,
mosquitoes, ticks and sandflies) to humans and wild and domestic animals, with the largest�…

Recently, vector-borne parasitic diseases such as leishmaniasis have been emerged or re-
emerged in many geographical areas and resulted in global health and economic concerns�…