The area called 'Lebanon'in Antiquity did not only include Mt Lebanon, that is the range in
the hinterland of the Phoenician coastal cities, but also the parallel range of the Antilebanon�…

Graffiti are an often neglected but crucial witness to everyday life of ancient civilizations. The
Aramaic graffiti from Hatra (North Iraq) can make an invaluable contribution in this sense�…

In the spring of 1938 I was able with valuable help from the Royal Air Force and the material
support of the Iraq Petroleum Company to carry out a survey of ancient remains along a�…

Among the “Middle Aramaic” 2 or “Later Imperial Aramaic” 3 varieties, the Aramaic of Hatra
and Assur has been hitherto rather less studied, particularly regarding the foreign�…

This book examines the works of Medieval Muslim philosophers interested in intercultural
encounters and how receptive Islam is to foreign thought, to serve as a dialogical model�…

Semitic Languages in Contact contains twenty case studies analysing various contact
situations involving Semitic languages. The languages treated span from ancient Semitic�…

After one of the longest recorded histories of any language, Akkadian died out sometime
around the turn of the era. 1 It died sufficiently, as we know, that it had to be deciphered by�…

A bronze Pazuzu statuette (AN 1892.43), gifted to the Ashmolean Museum by Greville John
Chester in 1892 and allegedly from Tanis, bears on its legs a four-line Aramaic inscription�…

In late antiquity, Iranian political culture developed a distinctive approach to the problem of
religious difference characteristic of the era. Throughout the Mediterranean and the Near�…

Our research presents a unique interdisciplinary approach that combines traditional
historical-archaeological research with the reading of the visual findings as a historical text�…