Modern Hebrew is a fusion language, including elements from all the historical layers of the
language. To quote Ben-� ayyim (1992: 59),“nothing in it has died and so there exist—and�…

This historical study argues that the Mandaean religion originated under Sasanid rule in the
fifth century, not earlier as has been widely accepted. It analyzes primary sources in Syriac�…

Deploying a bottom up instead of the conventional top down approach, and drawing
extensively on both literary and dialectal Arabic lexical sources, the present glossary�…

This chapter provides a historical sketch of the Neo‐Assyrian period, the era that saw the
slow rise of the Assyrian empire as well as its much faster eventual fall. From the late ninth to�…

In the final volume of excavation reports from the Felix von Luschan expedition to Zincirli,
Turkey, the editor, Walter Andrae, provided a brief iconographic description and an imperfect�…

In this paper I intend to use the Heracles figure, a prime example of the application of
Graeco-Roman imagery to the ever-varying process of expressing Near Eastern forms of�…

A a~ Near Eastern religiona (TM), along the lines of a~ Greek religiona (TM) or a~ Roman
religiona (TM), is hard to distinguish for the Classical period, since the religious cultures of�…

Future Thinking in Roman Culture is the first volume dedicated to the exploration of
prospective memory and future thinking in the Roman world, integrating cutting edge�…

Dura-Europos was rich in gods and rich in languages. The unique religious and linguistic
situation of this fortress town on the Middle Euphrates reflected its vicissitudes. Founded as�…

The aim of the present study is to collect together all the Nabataean Aramaic-Greek
epigraphic evidence existing in the Middle-East and Oriental Mediterranean areas and�…