Breathing is a well-described, vital and surprisingly complex behaviour, with behavioural
and physiological outputs that are easy to directly measure. Key neural elements for�…

Respiration is a brain function on which our lives essentially depend. Control of respiration
ensures that the frequency and depth of breathing adapt continuously to metabolic needs. In�…

Breathing is a vital rhythmic motor behavior with a surprisingly broad influence on the brain
and body. The apparent simplicity of breathing belies a complex neural control system, the�…

Opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD) represents the primary cause of death
associated with therapeutic and recreational opioid use. Within the United States, the rate of�…

The coordination of swallowing with breathing, in particular inspiration, is essential for
homeostasis in most organisms. While much has been learned about the neuronal network�…

Breathing is regulated automatically by neural circuits in the medulla to maintain
homeostasis, but breathing is also modified by behavior and emotion. Mice have rapid�…

Breathing is vital and must be concurrently robust and flexible. This rhythmic behavior is
generated and maintained within a rostrocaudally aligned set of medullary nuclei called the�…

Although the cerebellum is traditionally known for its role in motor functions, recent evidence
points toward the additional involvement of the cerebellum in an array of non-motor�…

Sighs prevent the collapse of alveoli in the lungs, initiate arousal under hypoxic conditions,
and are an expression of sadness and relief. Sighs are periodically superimposed on�…

Heart rate and blood pressure oscillate in phase with respiratory activity. A component of
these oscillations is generated centrally, with respiratory neurons entraining the activity of�…