Serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants, including selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitors (SSRIs; ie, citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, and�…

In this Seminar we discuss developments from the past 5 years in the diagnosis,
neurobiology, and treatment of major depressive disorder. For diagnosis, psychiatric and�…

Serotonin modulates neuroplasticity, especially during early life, and dysfunctions in both
systems likewise contribute to pathophysiology of depression. Recent findings demonstrate�…

The growth factor brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor tropomyosin-
related kinase receptor type B (TRKB) are actively produced and trafficked in multiple�…

Objective The risk-benefit profile of antidepressant medications in bipolar disorder is
controversial. When conclusive evidence is lacking, expert consensus can guide treatment�…

We present a comprehensive overview of the neurobiology of unipolar major depression
and antidepressant drug action, integrating data from affective neuroscience, neuro-and�…

Major depressive disorder is a heritable psychiatric syndrome that appears to be associated
with subtle cellular and molecular alterations in a complex neural network. The affected�…

Levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are reduced in the brain and serum of
depressed patients and at least the reduction in serum levels is reversible upon successful�…

In the last decade the serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) was
likely the most studied genetic variant as predictor of antidepressant response. Nevertheless�…

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is complex and multifactorial, posing a major challenge of
tailoring the optimal medication for each patient. Current practice for MDD treatment mainly�…