Intratumor heterogeneity, which fosters tumor evolution, is a key challenge in cancer
medicine. Here, we review data and technologies that have revealed intra-tumor�…

Background Patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma have few treatment options after
failure of platinum-based chemotherapy. In this trial, we assessed treatment with�…

Summary The Cancer Genome Atlas revealed the genomic landscapes of human cancers.
In parallel, immunotherapy is transforming the treatment of advanced cancers. Unfortunately�…

Following initial successes in melanoma treatment, immunotherapy has rapidly become
established as a major treatment modality for multiple types of solid cancers, including a�…

Abstract 'Immune checkpoint blockade'for cancer describes the use of therapeutic antibodies
that disrupt negative immune regulatory checkpoints and unleash pre-existing antitumour�…

Background The immune checkpoint inhibitor ipilimumab is the standard-of-care treatment
for patients with advanced melanoma. Pembrolizumab inhibits the programmed cell death 1�…

Treatment of cancer has been revolutionized by immune checkpoint blockade therapies.
Despite the high rate of response in advanced melanoma, the majority of patients succumb�…

PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade provides significant clinical benefits for melanoma
patients. We analyzed the somatic mutanomes and transcriptomes of pretreatment�…

The recent advances in in vitro 3D culture technologies, such as organoids, have opened
new avenues for the development of novel, more physiological human cancer models. Such�…

As tumors grow, they acquire mutations, some of which create neoantigens that influence
the response of patients to immune checkpoint inhibitors. We explored the impact of�…