Myeloid cells are pivotal within the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment. The
accumulation of tumour-modified myeloid cells derived from monocytes or neutrophils�…

The success of cancer immunotherapy relies on the knowledge of the tumor
microenvironment and the immune evasion mechanisms in which the tumor, stroma, and�…

New therapies that promote antitumour immunity have been recently developed. Most of
these immunomodulatory approaches have focused on enhancing T-cell responses, either�…

Cancer development is closely associated with immunosuppressive tumor
microenvironment (TME) that attenuates antitumor immune responses and promotes tumor�…

Anticancer nanomedicines have been proven effective in mitigating the side effects of
chemotherapeutic drugs. However, challenges remain in augmenting their therapeutic�…

Targeting immune checkpoints such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1),
programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PDL1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) has�…

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells that show strong cytolytic function against
physiologically stressed cells such as tumor cells and virus-infected cells. NK cells show a�…

Despite the success of anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), anti-PD1 ligand 1
(PDL1) and anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) therapies in advanced cancer, a�…

In cancer-immunity cycle, the immune checkpoint PD1 and its ligand PDL1 act as
accomplices to help tumors resist to immunity-induced apoptosis and promote tumor�…

Cancer immunotherapy based on immune-checkpoint inhibition or adoptive cell therapy has
revolutionized cancer care. Nevertheless, a large proportion of patients do not benefit from�…