Growth factors are important morphogenetic proteins that instruct cell behavior and guide
tissue repair and renewal. Although their therapeutic potential holds great promise in�…

Antibody display technologies enable the successful isolation of antigen-specific antibodies
with therapeutic potential. The key feature that facilitates the selection of an antibody with�…

We present a large-scale approach to investigate the functional consequences of sequence
variation in a protein. The approach entails the display of hundreds of thousands of protein�…

Cytokines exert a vast array of immunoregulatory actions critical to human biology and
disease. However, the desired immunotherapeutic effects of native cytokines are often�…

Deep mutational scanning is a widely used method for multiplex measurement of functional
consequences of protein variants. We developed a new deep mutational scanning statistical�…

Antibodies (Abs) are some of the most powerful tools in therapy and diagnostics and are
currently one of the fastest growing classes of therapeutic molecules. Recombinant antibody�…

Ribosome display is an in vitro selection and evolution technology for proteins and peptides
from large libraries. As it is performed entirely in vitro, there are two main advantages over�…

Phages are bacterial viruses that have gained a significant role in biotechnology owing to
their widely studied biology and many advantageous characteristics. Perhaps the best�…

Analysis of protein mutants is an effective means to understand their function. Protein
display is an approach that allows large numbers of mutants of a protein to be selected�…

Introduction: Over the past decade, several library-based methods have been developed to
discover ligands with strong binding affinities for their targets. These methods mimic the�…