Environmental exposure plays a major role in the development of allergic diseases. The
exposome can be classified into internal (eg, aging, hormones, and metabolic processes)�…

The gastrointestinal tract is continuously exposed to trillions of commensal microbes,
collectively termed the microbiota, which are environmental stimuli that can direct health and�…

The revolution in microbiota research over the past decade has provided invaluable
knowledge about the function of the microbial species that inhabit the human body. It has�…

Microbes colonize all body surfaces at birth and participate in the development of the
immune system. In newborn mammals, the intestinal microbiota is first shaped by the dietary�…

The immune system has coevolved with extensive microbial communities living on barrier
sites that are collectively known as the microbiota. It is increasingly clear that microbial�…

INTRODUCTION The lung, with its vast surface area, senses and responds to signals in
inhaled air. Aberrant interactions between the lung and the environment underlie many�…

Aging is characterized by the functional decline of tissues and organs and increased risk of
aging-associated disorders, which pose major societal challenges and are a public health�…

The perinatal period is a critical window for distribution of innate tissue-resident immune
cells within developing organs. Despite epidemiologic evidence implicating the early-life�…

The respiratory tract is populated by a specialized microbial ecosystem, which is seeded
during and directly following birth. Perturbed development of the respiratory microbial�…

Imbalance, or dysbiosis, of the gut microbiome of infants has been linked to an increased
risk of asthma and allergic diseases. Most studies to date have provided a wealth of data�…