Breathing is a well-described, vital and surprisingly complex behaviour, with behavioural
and physiological outputs that are easy to directly measure. Key neural elements for�…

Respiration is a brain function on which our lives essentially depend. Control of respiration
ensures that the frequency and depth of breathing adapt continuously to metabolic needs. In�…

Breathing is a vital rhythmic motor behavior with a surprisingly broad influence on the brain
and body. The apparent simplicity of breathing belies a complex neural control system, the�…

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems regulate the activities of internal
organs, but the molecular and functional diversity of their constituent neurons and circuits�…

The rates of opioid overdose in the United States quadrupled between 1999 and 2017,
reaching a staggering 130 deaths per day. This health epidemic demands innovative�…

The preB�tzinger Complex (preB�tC), a medullary network critical for breathing, relies on
excitatory interneurons to generate the inspiratory rhythm. Yet, half of preB�tC neurons are�…

Breathing is regulated automatically by neural circuits in the medulla to maintain
homeostasis, but breathing is also modified by behavior and emotion. Mice have rapid�…

The preB�tzinger Complex (preB�tC), a compact medullary region essential for generating
normal breathing rhythm and pattern, is the kernel of the breathing central pattern generator�…

The key driver of breathing rhythm is the preB�tzinger Complex (preB�tC) whose activity is
modulated by various functional inputs, eg, volitional, physiological, and emotional. While�…

Normal breathing in rodents requires activity of glutamatergic Dbx1-derived (Dbx1+)
preB�tzinger Complex (preB�tC) neurons expressing somatostatin (SST). We combined in�…