The view that substance addiction is a brain disease, although widely accepted in the
neuroscience community, has become subject to acerbic criticism in recent years. These�…

A decade ago, we hypothesized that drug addiction can be viewed as a transition from
voluntary, recreational drug use to compulsive drug-seeking habits, neurally underpinned by�…

Importance Psychiatric diagnoses are currently distinguished based on sets of specific
symptoms. However, genetic and clinical analyses find similarities across a wide variety of�…

Compulsion is a cardinal symptom of drug addiction (severe substance use disorder).
However, compulsion is observed in only a small proportion of individuals who repeatedly�…

The ability to make decisions and act quickly without hesitation can be advantageous in
many settings. However, when persistently expressed, impulsive decisions and actions are�…

A growing preclinical and clinical body of work on the effects of chronic drug use and drug
addiction has extended the scope of inquiry from the putative reward-related subcortical�…

With the increasing push to legalize cannabis in Western nations, there is a need to gage
the potential impact of this policy change on vulnerable populations, such as those with�…

Summary Since 1997 the US National Institute on Drug Abuse has advocated a brain
disease model of addiction (BDMA). We assess the strength of evidence for the BDMA in�…

Historically, the insula was considered primary gustatory cortex. Now it is known to play a
more comprehensive role in the processing of sensory information, including acting as�…

This review discusses the evidence for the hypothesis that the development of drug
addiction can be understood in terms of interactions between Pavlovian and instrumental�…