Methods and apparatus are provided for intravascularly-in duced neuromodulation or
denervation. Neuromodulation may be achieved via direct and/or via indirect application of�…

Background: The relative contributions of different atrial regions to the maintenance of
persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) are not known. Methods: Sixty patients (53�9 years)�…

BACKGROUND: Rapid firing within pulmonary vein sleeves frequently initiates atrial
fibrillation. The role of the autonomic nervous system in facilitating spontaneous firing is�…

The present guidelines are a revision of the 2008 version of Guidelines for
Pharmacotherapy of Atrial Fibrillation, 1 which were originally published in 2001, 2 and�…

Aug. 16, 2007, noW Pat. No. 7,717,948, Which is a(Continued) continuation of application
No. 11/504,117,? led on continuatlon-m-part of apphcation No. 10/408,665,? led on Apr. 8�…

Although the substrates of atrial fibrillation, its initiation and maintenance, remain to be fully
elucidated, catheter ablation in the left atrium has become a therapeutic option for patients�…

Primary Examiner—Mark W Bockelman Related US Application Data(74) Attorney, Agent, or
Firm—Perkins Coie LLP (63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 1 1/129,765,(57)�…

Background—The superior vena cava (SVC) has cardiac musculature extending from the
right atrium. However, no previous study in humans has given details regarding the ectopic�…

Related US Application Data ultrasound, via thermal techniques, etc. Such neuromodula AV
tion may effectuate irreversible electroporation or electrofu (63) Continuation-in-part of�…

Aims We conducted a multi-centre, prospective, controlled, randomized trial to investigate
the adjunctive role of ablation therapy to antiarrhythmic drug therapy in preventing atrial�…