This article is part of a Special Issue “SBN 2014”. Women are more vulnerable to stress-and
fear-based disorders, such as anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. Despite the�…

How do people effectively regulate their emotional reactions? Why are some people better
at this than others? Most prior research has addressed these questions by focusing on�…

Much of our knowledge of how reward information is processed in the brain comes from a
rich animal literature. Recently, the advancement of neuroimaging techniques has allowed�…

Living with unrelenting pain (chronic pain) is maladaptive and is thought to be associated
with physiological and psychological modifications, yet there is a lack of knowledge�…

The characterization of adolescence as a time of “storm and stress” remains an open
debate. Intense and frequent negative affect during this period has been hypothesized to�…

Although the everyday decision-making of clinically anxious individuals is clearly influenced
by their excessive fear and worry, the relationship between anxiety and decision-making�…

Neurobiological factors contributing to violence in humans remain poorly understood. One
approach to this question is examining allelic variation in the X-linked monoamine oxidase A�…

The study of fear extinction represents an important example of translational neuroscience in
psychiatry and promises to improve the understanding and treatment of anxiety and fear�…

Background Dysfunction in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is believed to play a
pivotal role in the pathogenesis of mood and anxiety disorders. Leading neurocircuitry�…

Contemporary neuroscientists have available a vast arsenal of tools for understanding brain
functions, from the level of anatomical systems to the level of molecules. Localization of�…