Background Prenatal and postnatal adversities, including prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE),
prenatal exposure to other substances, toxic stress, lack of adequate resources, and�…

Marihuana is the most widely consumed illicit drug, even among adolescents and pregnant
women. Given the critical developmental processes that occur in the adolescent and fetal�…

The early cerebral connective tract development of infants born to methadone-maintained
mothers and comparison infants was examined using diffusion tensor imaging. Drawing on�…

Prenatal drug exposure, particularly prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE), incurs great public
and scientific interest because of its associated neurodevelopmental consequences�…

Neonates who have had in utero exposures from maternal substance abuse can experience
central nervous system effects of the drugs, including drug toxicity and withdrawal. Neonatal�…

The past decades witnessed a surge of interest in neuroimaging study of normal and
abnormal early brain development. Structural and functional studies of normal early brain�…

Nicotine and cannabis are two of the most commonly consumed licit and illicit drugs during
pregnancy, often consumed together via e-cigarettes. Vaping is assumed to be a safer�…

Introduction: Methamphetamine (METH) abuse by pregnant drug addicts causes toxic effects
on fetal neurodevelopment; however, the mechanism underlying such effect of METH is�…

In recent years, evidence is growing on the role played by gestational factors in shaping
brain development and on the influence of intrauterine experiences on later development of�…

Background In utero alcohol, or ethanol (EtOH), exposure produces developmental
abnormalities in the brain of the fetus, which can result in lifelong behavioral abnormalities�…