Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating and fatal neurodegenerative disease of
adults which preferentially attacks the neuromotor system. Riluzole has been used as the�…

Rhythmicity is a universal timing mechanism in the brain, and the rhythmogenic mechanisms
are generally dynamic. This is illustrated for the neuronal control of breathing, a behavior�…

A subset of preB�tzinger Complex (preB�tC) neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) and somatostatin
peptide (SST)-expressing neurons are necessary for breathing in adult rats, in vivo. Their�…

Central pattern generators are subject to extensive modulation that generates flexibility in
the rhythmic outputs of these neural networks. The effects of neuromodulators interact with�…

Neuromodulation by peptides and amines is a primary source of plasticity in the nervous
system as it adapts the animal to an ever-changing environment. The crustacean�…

In severe hypoxia, homeostatic mechanisms maintain function of the brainstem respiratory
network. We hypothesized that hypoxia involves a transition from neuronal mechanisms of�…

Apnea, the cessation of breathing, is a common physiological and pathophysiological
phenomenon. Among the different forms of apnea, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is�…

Abstract Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) proteins are non-selective cationic channels
with a consistent Ca 2+-permeability, except for TRPM4 and TRPM5 that are not permeable�…

Many networks generate distinct rhythms with multiple frequency and amplitude
characteristics. The respiratory network in the pre-Bötzinger complex (pre-Böt) generates�…

Calcium-activated nonselective cationic currents have been known for 30 years, but their
physiological implications have remained unresolved until the recent cloning of the TRPM4�…