Rationale: Workplace inhalational hazards remain common worldwide, even though they
are ameliorable. Previous American Thoracic Society documents have assessed the�…

Many metals are essential for living organisms, but at higher doses they may be toxic and
carcinogenic. Metal exposure occurs mainly in occupational settings and environmental�…

Background: The diagnosis of sarcoidosis is not standardized but is based on three major
criteria: a compatible clinical presentation, finding nonnecrotizing granulomatous�…

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a commonly used procedure in the evaluation of lung
disease as it allows for sampling of the lower respiratory tract. In many circumstances, BAL�…

The aim of this document was to provide a critical review of the current knowledge on
hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by the occupational environment and to propose�…

Occupational exposure is an important, global cause of respiratory disease. Unlike many
other non-communicable lung diseases, the proximal causes of many occupational lung�…

Millions of workers are exposed to substances known to cause occupational interstitial lung
diseases (ILDs), particularly in developing countries. However, the burden of the disease is�…

This paper discusses the legislative response to handling beryllium and its compounds as
well as the administrative regulations resulting from their classification as potential human�…

The inhalation of beryllium and its compounds can cause the development of chronic
beryllium disease in susceptible individuals. This is caused by a distinct autoimmune�…

Many granulomatous diseases can mimic sarcoidosis histologically and in terms of their
clinical features. These mimics include infectious granulomatous diseases, granulomatous�…