Breathing is a well-described, vital and surprisingly complex behaviour, with behavioural
and physiological outputs that are easy to directly measure. Key neural elements for�…

Breathing's remarkable ability to adapt to changes in metabolic, environmental, and
behavioral demands stems from a complex integration of its rhythm-generating network�…

The preB�tzinger Complex (preB�tC), a medullary network critical for breathing, relies on
excitatory interneurons to generate the inspiratory rhythm. Yet, half of preB�tC neurons are�…

Breathing is regulated automatically by neural circuits in the medulla to maintain
homeostasis, but breathing is also modified by behavior and emotion. Mice have rapid�…

Normal breathing in rodents requires activity of glutamatergic Dbx1-derived (Dbx1+)
preB�tzinger Complex (preB�tC) neurons expressing somatostatin (SST). We combined in�…

Heart rate and blood pressure oscillate in phase with respiratory activity. A component of
these oscillations is generated centrally, with respiratory neurons entraining the activity of�…

The circuit organization within the mammalian brainstem respiratory network, specifically
within and between the pre-B�tzinger (pre-B�tC) and B�tzinger (B�tC) complexes, and the�…

Vasopressin (AVP) is a key neurohormone involved in the regulation of body functions. Due
to its urine-concentrating effect in the kidneys, it is often referred to as antidiuretic hormone�…

The pre-B�tzinger (pre-B�tC) and B�tzinger (B�tC) complexes are the brainstem
compartments containing interneurons considered to be critically involved in generating�…

The lateral parafacial region (pFL; which encompasses the parafacial respiratory group,
pFRG) is a conditional oscillator that drives active expiration during periods of high�…