BACKGROUND The success of human societies depends intimately on the living
components of natural and managed systems. Although the geographical range limits of�…

Climate change is a pervasive and growing global threat to biodiversity and ecosystems.
Here, we present the most up-to-date assessment of climate change impacts on biodiversity�…

Chapter 2, building on prior assessments1, provides a global assessment of the observed
impacts and projected risks of climate change to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems�…

2 Chapter 2 assesses observed large-scale changes in climate system drivers, key climate
indicators and 3 principal modes of variability. Chapter 3 considers model performance and�…

This book introduces the key stages of niche-based habitat suitability model building,
evaluation and prediction required for understanding and predicting future patterns of�…

There is mounting evidence of species redistribution as climate warms. Yet, our knowledge
of the coupling between species range shifts and isotherm shifts remains limited. Here, we�…

Chapter 2, building on prior assessments, provides a global assessment of the observed
impacts and projected risks of climate change to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems�…

Human activities are fundamentally altering biodiversity. Projections of declines at the global
scale are contrasted by highly variable trends at local scales, suggesting that biodiversity�…

Climate change may be a major threat to biodiversity in the next 100 years. Although there
has been important work on mechanisms of decline in some species, it generally remains�…

Macroclimate warming is often assumed to occur within forests despite the potential for tree
cover to modify microclimates. Here, using paired measurements, we compared the�…