Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an arrhythmia that can occur as the result of numerous different
pathophysiological processes in the atria. Some aspects of the morphological and�…

The natural history of atrial fibrillation (AF) is characterized by a gradual worsening with time.
The recent finding that AF itself produces changes in atrial function and structure has�…

The recommendations listed in this document are, whenever possible, evidence based. An
extensive evidence review was conducted, focusing on 2006 through October 2012 and�…

For new or updated text, view the 2011 Focused Update and the 2011 Focused Update on
Dabigatran. Text supporting unchanged recommendations has not been updated. Atrial�…

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac rhythm disturbance, increasing
in prevalence with age. AF is often associated with structural heart disease, although a�…

Triggers propagating into atrial myocardium may initiate reentering wavelets if the
wavelength is sufficiently short. Wavelength shortening can occur even in normal atria if the�…

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine whether patients with paroxysmal
“lone” atrial fibrillation (AF) have an abnormal atrial substrate. Background: While “AF begets�…

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac rhythm disturbance, increasing
in prevalence with age. AF is often associated with structural heart disease, although a�…

Objective: To investigate changes in human atrial single cell functional electrophysiological
properties associated with chronic atrial fibrillation (AF), and the contribution to these of�…

Background—Prolonged atrial fibrillation (AF) results in electrical, structural, and gap-
junctional remodeling. We examined the reversibility of the changes in (ultra) structure and�…