Obesity is a pandemic condition of complex etiology, resulting from the increasing exposition
to obesogenic environmental factors combined with genetic susceptibility. In the past two�…

The frequencies of eating disorders and obesity have increased worldwide in recent years.
Their pathophysiologies are still unclear, but recent evidence suggests that they might be�…

Introduction Bisphenol A (BPA) is used in large quantities for the production of plastics and
is present in various everyday objects. It penetrates living organisms and shows�…

Emerging evidence has shown that stress responsivity and psychiatric diseases are
associated with alterations in N 6-methyladenosine (m 6 A) mRNA epigenetic modifications�…

The functions of cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) neuropeptide
encoded by the CARTPT gene vary from modifying behavior and pain sensitivity to being an�…

Cocaine-and amphetamine-related transcript (CART) is a neuropeptide first discovered in
the striatum of the rat brain. Later, the genetic sequence and function of CART peptide�…

Background A key challenge in the understanding and treatment of depression is identifying
cell types and molecular mechanisms that mediate behavioral responses to antidepressant�…

Morphine is a natural alkaloid which derived from the opium poppy Papaver somniferum.
Many studies have reported the effect of morphine on learning, memory and gene�…

The habenula plays a key role in various motivated and pathological behaviors and is
composed of molecularly distinct neuron subtypes. Despite progress in identifying mature�…

Background Chronic pain affects one-fifth of US adults. Reductions in opioid prescribing
have been associated with increased non-prescription opioid use and, chronologically�…