Increasing evidence suggests estrogen and estrogen signaling pathway disturbances
across psychiatric disorders. Estrogens are not only crucial in sexual maturation and�…

The impacts of menopause on neurodegenerative diseases, especially the changes in
steroid hormones, have been well described in cell models, animal models, and humans�…

Holometabolous insects stop feeding at the final larval instar stage and then undergo
metamorphosis; however, the mechanism is unclear. In the present study, using the serious�…

Women are significantly more likely to develop depression than men. Fluctuations in the
ovarian estrogen hormone levels are closely linked with women's well-being. This narrative�…

Abstract Background 17β-Estradiol (E2) is generally considered neuroprotective in humans.
However, the current clinical use of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) is based on the�…

Women and men exhibit differences in behavior when making value-based decisions.
Various hypotheses have been proposed to explain these findings, stressing differences in�…

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a common term for Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis,
is a chronic, relapse-remitting condition of the gastrointestinal tract that is increasing�…

During menopause, when estrogen levels are low, abnormalities in the hypothalamic
preoptic area (POA) of the thermoregulatory center can cause hot flashes. However, the�…

Women have a higher prevalence and incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) than age-
matched men, and loss of estrogen might be partially responsible for the higher risk of AD in�…

Clinically, women appear to be more susceptible to certain aspects of substance use
disorders (SUDs). The steroid hormones 17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (Pg) have�…