This article provides a new conceptualization of regime transformation that allows scholars
to address democratization and autocratization as related but obverse processes. We
introduce a dataset that captures 680 episodes of regime transformation (ERT) from 1900 to
2019 and offers novel insights into regime change over the past 120 years. The ERT has
three main advantages over other approaches. First, it avoids problematic assumptions of
unit homogeneity and constant as well as symmetric effects. Second, it integrates key�…