Central neural networks operate continuously throughout life to control respiration, yet
mechanisms regulating ventilatory frequency are poorly understood. Inspiration is generated�…

The preB�tzinger Complex (preB�tC), a medullary network critical for breathing, relies on
excitatory interneurons to generate the inspiratory rhythm. Yet, half of preB�tC neurons are�…

Key points This study investigates the effects on ventilation of an excitatory stimulus
delivered in a spatially and temporally precise manner to the inspiratory oscillator, the�…

▪ Abstract Breathing is a vital behavior that is particularly amenable to experimental
investigation. We review recent progress on three problems of broad interest.(i) Where and�…

Breathing in mammals is a seemingly straightforward behaviour controlled by the brain. A
brainstem nucleus called the preB�tzinger Complex sits at the core of the neural circuit�…

Current consensus holds that a single medullary network generates respiratory rhythm in
mammals. Pre-B�tzinger Complex inspiratory (I) neurons, isolated in transverse slices, and�…

In vitro and in vivo studies have identified the pre-B�tzinger complex as an important kernel
for the generation of inspiratory activity. The mechanisms underlying inspiratory rhythm�…

Cellular and network properties must be capable of generating rhythmic activity that is both
flexible and stable. This is particularly important for breathing, a rhythmic behavior that�…

Inhibitory neurons make up a substantial fraction of the neurons in the preB�tzinger complex
(preB�tC), a site that is critical for mammalian eupneic breathing. We investigated the role of�…

Breathing in mammals is hypothesized to result from the interaction of two distinct oscillators:
the preB�tzinger Complex (preB�tC) driving inspiration and the lateral parafacial region�…