Background: There are conflicting data on the impact of low-frequency transmitted drug-
resistant mutants on responses to first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)�…

Salvage therapy with efavirenz is often ineffective in patients having failed nevirapine
treatment, even when mutations associated with efavirenz resistance are not detected by�…

The impact of minor drug-resistant variants of the type 1 immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) on
the failure of antiretroviral therapy remains unclear. We have evaluated the importance of�…

The objective of this study was to evaluate the activity of efavirenz after the failure of a
nevirapine-containing regimen. This prospective study included 47 patients with plasma HIV�…

Background. The contribution of low frequency drug-resistant human immunodeficiency
virus type 1 (HIV-1) variants to failure of antiretroviral therapy is not well defined in treatment�…

Objective (s): Assess the impact of pre-treatment high-frequency and low-frequency drug-
resistant HIV variants on long-term outcomes of first-line efavirenz-based antiretroviral�…

Methods: Virologic failure was defined as 2 consecutive viral loads> 1000 copies/mL> 24
weeks after ART initiation. Drug resistance testing was performed for pretreatment (baseline)�…

Background Pre-treatment HIV-drug-resistance (PDR) to WHO-recommended 1st-line non-
nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)-based antiretroviral treatment (ART) is�…

Background: The South African national antiretroviral therapy roll-out program is entering its
sixth year, with over 570,000 adults accessing treatment. HIV-1 drug resistance is a potential�…

To the Editor: All currently available antiretroviral drugs can be grouped in one of three
families: nucleoside analogues, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)�…