Background Sustained cardiac adrenergic stimulation has been implicated in the
development and progression of heart failure. Release of norepinephrine is controlled by�…

Background We hypothesised that the polymorphisms of the genes encoding for β1-and the
β2-adrenoceptors may have a role in the pathogenesis of heart failure (HF). We therefore�…

PURPOSE: Increased sympathetic nervous system activation via the β-adrenergic pathway
influences the evolution of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. We assessed the effects of β�…

Heart failure (HF) is characterized by neurohormonal activation of the sympathetic nervous
and renin-angiotensin systems. Genetic polymorphisms in these systems could alter the�…

Heart Failure (HF) is a common disorder associated with substantial morbidity and mortality.
β adrenergic receptors (βAR) are the primary pathway through which cardiac function is�…

Background—Adrenergic activation is an important determinant of outcomes in chronic heart
failure. Adrenergic activity is regulated in part by prejunctional α2C-adrenergic receptors�…

Background Exercise performance in patients with congestive heart failure is partially
dependent on cardiac β1-adrenergic receptor (β1AR) function. There are 2 common�…

Previous studies have clearly demonstrated the beneficial effect of β-blockers in patients
with stable congestive heart failure (CHF). β-blockers improve left ventricular ejection�…

Abstract β1‐and β2‐Adrenoceptors (AR) play a pivotal role in regulation of the
cardiovascular system. Both β‐AR subtypes are polymorphic. There are two major single�…

Aims The adrenergic nervous system is of major importance in congestive heart failure. No
genetic polymorphism has previously been identified in the beta1-adrenergic receptor gene�…