Host–microorganism interactions shape local cell functionality, immune responses, and can
influence disease development. Evidence indicates that the impact of host–microbe�…

Gut microbiota interacts with host immune system in ways that influence the development of
disease. Advances in respiratory immune system also broaden our knowledge of the�…

Every year in the United States approximately 200,000 people die from pulmonary
infections, such as influenza and pneumonia, or from lung disease that is exacerbated by�…

The microbiota is vital for the development of the immune system and homeostasis.
Changes in microbial composition and function, termed dysbiosis, in the respiratory tract and�…

Gut microbiota are known to impact multiple organs including the lung. The cross talk
between gut microbes and lungs, termed as the “gut–lung axis,” is vital for immune response�…

The pulmonary microbial community, described only a few years ago, forms a discreet part
of the human host microbiota. The airway microbiota has been found to be substantially�…

The gut and lungs are anatomically distinct, but potential anatomic communications and
complex pathways involving their respective microbiota have reinforced the existence of a�…

Until recently, the airways were thought to be sterile unless infected; however, a shift
towards molecular methods for the quantification and sequencing of bacterial DNA has�…

The revolution in microbiota research over the past decade has provided invaluable
knowledge about the function of the microbial species that inhabit the human body. It has�…

Emerging findings indicate there is a vital cross-talk between gut microbiota and the lungs,
which is known as gut–lung axis. The gut disturbances in lung diseases including allergy�…