This study evaluated the sensitivity of maximum likelihood (ML)-, generalized least squares
(GLS)-, and asymptotic distribution-free (ADF)-based fit indices to model misspecification�…

This article examines the adequacy of the “rules of thumb” conventional cutoff criteria and
several new alternatives for various fit indexes used to evaluate model fit in practice. Using a�…

In a typical study involving covariance structure modeling, fit of a model or a set of alternative
models is evaluated using several indicators of fit under one estimation method, usually�…

The purpose of this article is to present a strategy for the evaluation and modification of
covariance structure models. The approach makes use of recent developments in estimation�…

Extending earlier work by MacCallum, Browne, and Sugawara (1996), procedures are
shown for conducting power analysis of tests of overall fit of covariance structure models�…

Model comparisons in covariance structure modeling have traditionally been carried out by
the likelihood ratio difference (D) test. Two more convenient approaches are reviewed and�…

A controversial area in covariance structure models is the assesment of overall model fit.
Researchers have expressed concern over the influence of sample size on measures of fit�…

Arguments are raised against Kaplan's (1990) view that fit indices other than the likelihood
ratio test need not be used in covariance structure modeling except when sample size�…

Some authors have suggested that sample size in covariance structure modeling should be
considered in the context of how many parameters are to be estimated (eg,). Previous�…

Alternative strategies for two-sample cross-validation of covariance structure models are
described and investigated. The strategies vary according to whether all (tight strategy) or�…