It has been speculated that maternal phthalate exposure may affect reproductive
development in human newborns. However, the mechanism awaits further investigation�…

Background Previous studies have suggested that phthalates might disrupt fetal
steroidogenesis. However, the evidence of the effects of prenatal phthalate exposure across�…

Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are known to have harmful effects on the human endocrine
system; special effort is actually given to the exposure during pregnancy. Humans are�…

Phthalates are a group of ubiquitous synthetic endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Fetal and
neonatal periods are particularly susceptible to endocrine disorders, which prenatal�…

Background Exposure to some phthalate diesters has been associated with adverse
reproductive health outcomes in both rodents and humans indicative of anti-androgenic�…

Research findings on effects of prenatal phthalate exposure on fetal growth were
inconsistent. Increasing evidence from animal studies has indicated a potential sex-specific�…

Importance Exposure to phthalates may affect fetal growth, but previous studies are
inconsistent and have not explored the trimester-specific effects of phthalates on repeated�…

Phthalates are developmental and reproductive toxicants for the fetus in pregnant rodents,
and the ability of phthalates to penetrate the placenta have been reported. The aims of this�…

Abstract Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is known for its endocrine disrupting properties.
We previously demonstrated that prenatal DEHP exposure is associated with decreased�…

BACKGROUND: Phthalates can disrupt endocrine function and induce reproductive and
developmental toxicity in laboratory animals. Few studies have evaluated exposure to�…