The most barren and inhospitable wilderness on earth, Antarctica is of vital importance to
humanity. Its rocks and enveloping ice sheet hold the keys to unlocking our planet's history;�…

Tourism is a late starter in Antarctica. However, visitor numbers have increased dramatically
since the 1990s to more than 30,000 per summer season, raising concerns about the�…

The first commercial tourist visits to Antarctica can be dated unequivocally to the late 1950s.
By then the days had passed when membership of a bona fide Antarctic expedition was a�…

'Ld! 1~:: e~ l~~:~;~~ t~~:~~ d~~~ t L.-,..'~-~,:.",. non-government enVI-ronmental observer.
While I was there SBS journalist Vivian Schenkcr challenged me with the question:'Is it�…

The scope and intensity of human activity in the Antarctic region has changed considerably
over the past 100 years, resulting in significant modifications to the Antarctic environment�…

This chapter introduces the nature of Antarctic tourism and explores how forms of this
tourism are regulated and managed. Environmental and governance dimensions are�…

Since the mid-1980s, the annual number of people visiting Antarctica for tourism purposes
has increased rapidly from a few hundred to over 45.000 (Enzenbacher, 1993; IAATO�…

The legal basis for management of the environmental impacts of all human activities in
Antarctica, including tourist activities, is the 1991 Madrid Protocol on Environmental�…

In 1985 the David Davies Memorial Institute of International Studies set up a study group of
experts from various disciplines to look at the principal legal, political and scientific issues�…