As phthalate metabolites might cross the placenta, it is possible to find them in the amniotic
fluid. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the levels of phthalate metabolites in the�…

Phthalates are a group of ubiquitous synthetic endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Fetal and
neonatal periods are particularly susceptible to endocrine disorders, which prenatal�…

Background Phthalate exposure is widespread. Prior research suggests that prenatal
phthalate exposure may influence birth size and gestational duration, but published results�…

Phthalate use and the concentrations of their metabolites in humans vary by geographic
region, race, ethnicity, sex, product use and other factors. Exposure during pregnancy may�…

Background Phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) are environmental contaminants that may
affect early embryonic development. Objective To assess the association between phthalate�…

Background Phthalate exposure during fetal life may disrupt testicular development.
Congruent with this, studies have found shorter anogenital distance, reduced penile size�…

In this study, we aimed to evaluate phthalate metabolite levels in pregnant women, to
explore the factors influencing exposure, and to assess phthalate metabolite levels in�…

Background Previous studies have suggested that phthalates might disrupt fetal
steroidogenesis. However, the evidence of the effects of prenatal phthalate exposure across�…

Phthalate esters (PAEs) possess endocrine-disrupting properties. Studies in humans have
indicated that in utero phthalate exposure affects maternal thyroid hormones, which are�…

Context Phthalates may disrupt maternal-fetal-placental endocrine pathways, affecting
pregnancy outcomes and child development. Placental corticotropin releasing hormone�…