Background: Phthalates are endocrine-disrupting chemicals linked to adverse pregnancy
outcomes. Despite the sensitivity of female reproductive processes to oxidation–reduction�…

Background Many phthalates and phenols are hormonally active and are suspected to alter
the course of development. Objective We investigated prenatal exposures to phthalate and�…

Previous epidemiologic research has shown that phthalate exposure in pregnant women is
related to birth outcomes in a sex-specific manner. These outcomes may be mediated by�…

Background Rates of preterm birth have been rising over the past several decades. Factors
contributing to this trend remain largely unclear, and exposure to environmental�…

Proper placental development and function relies on hormone receptors and signaling
pathways that make the placenta susceptible to disruption by endocrine disrupting�…

Background Prenatal urinary concentrations of phthalates in women participants in an urban
birth cohort were associated with outcomes in their children related to neurodevelopment�…

Objective We performed a systematic review of the epidemiology literature to identify the
female reproductive and developmental effects associated with phthalate exposure. Data�…

Phthalates metabolites have been detected in the urine of pregnant and breastfeeding
women. Thus, this study evaluated the adverse effects of maternal exposure to a mixture of�…

The fetus is considered to be the most sensitive stage of life to the potential developmental
and reproductive toxicity of the phthalates. But, data on human fetal exposure to phthalates�…

Objective There is concern over the potential placental effects of prenatal phthalate
exposure, and the potential adverse effects of prenatal phthalate exposure require further�…