Affinity maturation of receptor–ligand interactions represents an important area of academic
and pharmaceutical research. Improving affinity and specificity of proteins can tailor potency�…

Engineered antibodies and their fragments are invaluable tools for a vast range of
biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications. However, they are facing increasing�…

A quantitative screening method was developed to enable isolation and affinity maturation of
peptide ligands specific for a given target from peptide libraries displayed on the outer�…

Recognition of molecular diversity of cell surface proteomes in disease is essential for the
development of targeted therapies. Progress in targeted therapeutics requires establishing�…

Phage display is the longest-standing platform among molecular display technologies.
Recent developments have extended its utility to proteins that were previously recalcitrant to�…

Display technologies are fundamental to the isolation of specific high‐affinity binding
proteins for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in cancer, neurodegenerative, and�…

Ribosome display presents an innovative in vitro technology for the rapid isolation and
evolution of high-affinity peptides or proteins. Displayed proteins are bound to and�…

Protein libraries displayed on cell surfaces can be labeled with soluble ligands exhibiting
well-characterized binding equilibria and dissociation kinetics, and then quantitatively�…

In vitro display techniques are powerful tools to select polypeptide binders against various
target molecules. Novel applications include maturation of protein affinity and stability�…

Over the past two decades, library-based display technologies have been staggeringly
optimized since their appearance in order to mimic the process of natural molecular�…