Importance Exposure to phthalates may affect fetal growth, but previous studies are
inconsistent and have not explored the trimester-specific effects of phthalates on repeated�…

Background Preterm birth is a significant public health concern and exposure to phthalates
has been shown to be associated with an increased odds of preterm birth. Even modest�…

Background Pregnant persons are exposed ubiquitously to phthalates and increasingly to
chemicals introduced to replace phthalates. In early pregnancy, exposure to these�…

Background Prenatal phthalate exposure has been linked to reductions in fetal growth in
animal and laboratory studies, but epidemiologic evidence is equivocal. Objective Examine�…

Phthalate exposure is widespread among pregnant women but whether it is related to fetal
growth and birth weight remains to be determined. We examined whether first trimester�…

Background Phthalate exposure is widespread. Prior research suggests that prenatal
phthalate exposure may influence birth size and gestational duration, but published results�…

This study enrolled 3266 pregnant women, to explore the relationship of prenatal phthalate
exposure with the risk of preterm birth and gestational age. All participants filled�…

Background Preterm birth is a significant public health problem, affecting over 1 in 10 live
births and contributing largely to infant mortality and morbidity. Everyday exposure to�…

Objectives To examine the relation between prenatal urinary phthalate metabolite
concentrations and preterm birth (PTB). Methods The data were drawn from the Maternal�…

Research findings on effects of prenatal phthalate exposure on fetal growth were
inconsistent. Increasing evidence from animal studies has indicated a potential sex-specific�…