Allostasis, or stability through change, has most often been linked with challenges to
homeostasis, in which repeated challenges or stressors produce sufficient allostatic load to�…

Abstract review the reemergence of affectivity as a key mechanism in the shaping and
control of behavior, with an emphasis on those elements of special import for understanding�…

Drug dependence in humans is often accompanied by behavioral disturbances such as
maladaptive levels of impulsivity. In turn, there is accumulating evidence from preclinical�…

Addiction to alcohol or other drugs (AODs) is a complex problem determined by multiple
factors, including psychological and physiological components. Stress is considered a major�…

In human addicts, drug relapse and craving are often provoked by stress. Since 1995, this
clinical scenario has been studied using a rat model of stress-induced reinstatement of drug�…

Although affective and substance use disorders frequently co-occur, the role of affective
dysregulation in addiction is often overlooked. This paper reviews the role of affective�…

Chronic vulnerability to relapse is a formidable challenge for the treatment of drug addiction.
The neurobiological basis of relapse and its prevention has, therefore, attracted major�…

Rationale Alcohol dependence is associated with high rates of recidivism. Stress has been
shown to increase alcohol craving in alcohol-dependent individuals, but the association�…

Chronic exposure to cocaine is associated with neuroadaptions in stress and reward circuits
that may increase susceptibility to relapse. We examined whether there are alterations in�…

Stress has long been suggested to be an important correlate of uncontrolled drinking and
relapse. An important hormonal response system to stress—the hypothalamic–pituitary�…