We define boredom as a state of “relatively low arousal." We suggest that if a person is
momentarily in a high arousal state, then at that instant the person is not bored. People do�…

Boredom proneness is commonly assessed and measured using self-report scales and
questionnaires. The only full-scale measure of boredom that has been extensively used to�…

Our central goal is to provide a definition of boredom in terms of the underlying mental
processes that occur during an instance of boredom. Through the synthesis of�…

The human experience of boredom is studied in relation to arousal, constraint, subjective
repetitiveness, and unpleasantness. Intense boredom induced by a simple repetitive task is�…

Despite great progress in our theoretical and empirical investigations of boredom, a basic
issue regarding boredom remains unresolved: It is still unclear whether the construct of�…

By presenting and synthesizing findings on the character of boredom, the article advances a
theoretical account of the function of the state of boredom. The article argues that the state of�…

Boredom remains a poorly understood phenomenon despite its evident association with
dysfunctional behavior and mental health problems. However, little research has been�…

Boredom is a prevalent emotion with potential negative consequences. Previous research
has associated boredom with outcomes indicating both high and low levels of arousal and�…

Boredom has been characterized as a crisis of meaning, a failure of attention, and a call to
action. Yet as a self-regulatory signal writ-large, we are still left with the question of what�…

Boredom is an important personal and social problem, but the phenomena itself remains
poorly understood. Recent work has shown that boredom is highly related to attention, and�…